Endometriosis
What you need to know.
Understanding Endometriosis
Endometriosisis a long-term condition where tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows outside of it—often around the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvis. It affects 1 in 10 women, typically during their reproductive years
Symptoms vary, but may include:
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Pelvic pain, especially around your period
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Heavy, irregular, or painful periods
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Pain during or after sex
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Fatigue
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Pain with bowel movements or urination (especially during periods)
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Difficulty getting pregnant
Some women have no symptoms at all.
1 in 10 women of reproductive age
7-8 year delayfrom first symptoms to diagnosis
60% of women with chronic pelvic pain
What causes Endometriosis?
We don’t fully know. But what we do know is:
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It's hormone-dependent—tissue behaves like the womb lining and bleeds monthly.
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This bleeding leads to inflammation, scarring, and sometimes damage to pelvic organs.
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You may be more likely to develop it if a close female relative has had it.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Diagnosing endometriosis can take time. Your doctor might:
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Ask detailed questions about your symptoms and menstrual history
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Offer an internal exam
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Recommend an ultrasoundor MRI
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Suggest a laparoscopy(a keyhole procedure under general anaesthetic) to confirm the diagnosis—and sometimes treat it at the same time
Treatment Options
There’s no one-size-fits-all approach. You might consider:
1. Pain Relief
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Over-the-counter medications (e.g., ibuprofen)
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Prescription painkillers
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Referral to a pain specialist for chronic cases
2. Hormone Therapy
Designed to reduce or stop ovulation, easing symptoms:
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Combined pill or patch(used continuously)
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Progestogens(in pill, injection, or implant form)
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Intrauterine system (IUS)e.g. Mirena®
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GnRH agonists– effective but can trigger menopause-like symptoms. May be balanced with "add-back" HRT.
Note:These treatments are often contraceptive. Let your doctor know if you're planning a pregnancy.
3. Surgery
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Laparoscopic surgeryto remove endometrial patches
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Laparotomy for severe cases, which may involve removing cysts, ovaries, or the womb (hysterectomy)
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Surgery can improve symptoms but may need repeating. Specialist teams may be involved for complex cases.
4. Fertility Support
If you're struggling to conceive, hormone treatments aren’t suitable. Surgical treatment and referral to a fertility specialist may help.
Other Options
Many women find relief through:
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Regular exercise
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Dietary changes (e.g., reducing dairy or gluten)
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Psychological support or counselling
Some also try complementary therapies, though evidence is limited:
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Reflexology, acupuncture, TENS machines
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Vitamin B1, magnesium
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Traditional Chinese medicine or herbal remedies
When considering treatments, ask:
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What are my options?
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What are the pros and cons of each?
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How can I get support to make the best decision for me?
Your preferences, goals, and lifestyle matter.
Where to Get More Help
